http://www.news24.com/News24/Backpage/O ... 56,00.html
http://www.newstarget.com/010744.html
Davis, California
CALCULATING AIR POLLUTION FROM COWS
Researchers at the University of California, Davis are trying to calculate how much air pollution is generated by cows. To measure pollution, the cows will be housed in "bovine bubbles" so emissions can be measured outside. California regulations are cracking down on air pollution caused by livestock. But dairy farmers as well as researchers say the data on how much pollution a cow produces dates back to a study done in 1938. Numbers from that study indicate that cows in California will soon be emitting more air pollution than passenger cars.
UC Davis researcher Frank Mitloehner says that statistic is ridiculous. "Because that study is being used, the dairy industry is the second largest polluter in California right now," Mitloehner said. Mitloehner says the older science is wrong, and he’s created the bovine bubbles to prove it. In each of the airtight pens are 10 Holstein cows. Air goes in from one location and is tested on the way out. One pen is set up just like any dairy operation, with nothing to control dust on the ground. The other three pens have different treatments on each floor to handle waste products. One uses rice straw. "The feces stays on top, and the urine goes to the bottom. Urine and feces, if they don’t mix, ammonia is not formed. Ammonia is formed when urine and feces mix," Mitloehner explains.
Mitloehner expects that the closely monitored biobubbles will gauge the correct amount of pollution created by dairy cows and help discover ways to reduce emissions. The current experiment will last eight months, after which researchers will study how a cow’s feed affects emissions.
Brown County, Wisconsin
COMPOSTING STUDY TO EVALUATE MANURE AND
BIOSOLIDS FOR ENERGY AND FERTILIZER
A three-month, $100,000 feasibility study will evaluate the economics of converting waste residuals of the dairy industry and biosolids from the Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District into compost and energy. The study is sponsored by the Brown County Regional Composting Initiative which includes Packerland Packing Company, Anamax Corporation, Schreiber Foods Inc., Brown County Land Conservation, Environmental Defense and the Wisconsin Public Service Foundation.
According to Brad Holtz of the Brown County Land Conservation District, consultants to be involved in the study are Harvey Economics of Denver, Colorado; STS Consultants of Green Bay; and Synagro Technologies of Houston, Texas. Based on information in a news release issued in early July, consultants will be looking at the "feasibility of one or more large-scale compost centers that could create a marketable product from manure and other organic feedstocks." The report is expected to be completed in mid-October, 2004.
There are approximately 104,000 cattle in Brown County, generating about 170,000 tons of manure annually. "It takes three acres of land to accommodate the waste of each animal." However, the release continues, Brown County has only about 156,500 acres suitable for land application. Even that number is said to be diminishing "because of suburban growth as well as federal and state standards taking effect in 2005 that will make land application more difficult and more expensive."
In Brown County, notes the Land Conservation District, 25 to 30 percent of farmland may be facing some significant restrictions with regard to land application. Meanwhile phosphates and nitrates in livestock waste, local officials point out, are a primary threat to local water quality. Plus they warn that groundwater nitrate can result from over application of animal waste.
What do you think about my project? Weird but potentially feasible. A new source of energy + saving the ozone layer.